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PSALMS

The Introduction

Its 150 songs run from Creation to The Post-Exilic Periods.  The tremendous breadth of subject matter in The Psalms includes diverse topics such as jubilation, war, peace, worship, judgment, messianic prophecy, praise, and lament.

The Title

Hebrew title, sepher tehellim, means “book of praises”

    English title derives from The Septuagint (the 3rd Century Greek translation of The Old Testament) psalmoi, the word those ancient translators chose for the Hebrew word mizmor, which is founding the headings of 57 of The Psalms.  The Hebrew word means “a song sung to the accompaniment of stringed instruments”.

The Authorship

David 73 Psalms:  3, 7, 18, 34, 51 – 2, 54, 56 – 7, 59 – 60, 63, and 142

Asaph (one of David’s choirmasters) 12 Psalms:  50, 73 – 83

Sons of Korah 11 or 12 Psalms:  42 – 9, 84 – 5, 87 – 9

Solomon 2 Psalms:  12 and 72

Moses 1 Psalm:  90

Heman (lead singer of the family of Kohath, son of Levi) 1 Psalm:  88

Ethan (counselor of Solomon) 1 Psalm:  89

The Date / Purpose

Over a span of 900 years.

In a word, worship.

click here for further reading..."Can Abecedaries Be Used to Date the Book of Psalms?"

The Nature

1.)  Religious lyric poetry

2.)  Evocative language

3.)  Meter

4.)  Parallelism

5.)  Stylistic arrangements

6.)  Music and melody

The Text

The Hebrew Bible (Masoretic Text / MT)

1 – 8
 
9 – 10
 
11 – 113

114 – 115

116:1 – 9

116:10 – 19

117 – 146

147:1 – 11

147:12 – 20

148 – 150

The Greek Septuagint
(LXX)

1 – 8

9

10 – 112

113

114

115

116 – 145

146

147

148 - 150

The Trends in Studying

 Individual laments, National laments, Thanksgiving, Descriptive praise (hymns)

The Theology

Purely prophetic, Eschatological, Typological-prophetic, Indirectly messianic, Typically messianic

The Special Terms

Classification
    A).  Psalm (mizmor) or song (sir) which describes the type of song
    B.)  Shiggion – apparently from the verb “to err” or “to wander” possibly related to the idea of being wild or ecstatic
    C.)  Mikhtam – probably from the verb “to cover” which may mean a silent prayer
    D.)  Maskil – from a verb that means to “make wise or instruct” 

Interjections
    A)  Selah – which may indicate when worshippers were to ‘lift up’ their voices
    B)  Higgaion – a verb that means “murmur” and hence “meditate”. 

Liturgical Notes 
    A)  To the choirmaster – “to excel” or “to lead”    
    B)  According to Jeduthun – may refer to “a guild of musicians”
    C)  With stringed instruments – harp and lyre
    D)  For flutes – obscure term (played lamentations)
    E)  Alamoth – probably means ‘maidens’ 
    F)  According to Sheminith – relating to the number 8 (possible 8-stringed lute)
    G)  According to Gettit – possibly a lyre or other instrument
    H)  According to “The Hind of The Dawn” – debated
    I)  According to Lilies – debated
    J)  A Song of Ascents – possible “pilgrimage up to Jerusalem”

The Outline (Bible Knowledge Commentary on The Old Testament - Walvoord, Zuck, Cook)

Pt 1:  Book 1 (Psalms 1 – 41)

Pt 2:  Book 2 (Psalms 42 – 72)

Pt 3:  Book 3 (Psalms 73 – 89)

Pt 4:  Book 4 (Psalms 90 – 106)

Pt 5:  Book 5 (Psalms 107 – 150)
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