LUKE
The Opening Statement
A. Luke is the longest Gospel. Luke/Acts (if one rejects Hebrews as Pauline) contain the largest number of pages by any author in the New Testament and he is a Gentile, second-generation Christian!
B. Luke writes the best Koine Greek of all the New Testament writers with the possible exception of the author of Hebrews. Greek was his mother tongue. He was also highly educated, possibly even a physician (Colossians 4:14..."Luke, the beloved physician, sends you his greetings, and {also} Demas." (NASB)).
C. Luke cares for those whom others do not even think about.
1. women
2. the poor (Luke 6:20 – 23..."And turning His gaze toward His disciples, He {began} to say, "Blessed {are} you {who are} poor, for yours is the kingdom of God. "Blessed {are} you who hunger now, for you shall be satisfied. Blessed {are} you who weep now, for you shall laugh. "Blessed are you when men hate you, and ostracize you, and insult you, and scorn your name as evil, for the sake of the Son of Man. "Be glad in that day and leap {for joy,} for behold, your reward is great in heaven. For in the same way their fathers used to treat the prophets. (NASB))
3. the ostracized
a. immoral women (Luke 7:36 – 50)
b. Samaritans
Luke 9:51 – 56..."When the days were approaching for His ascension, He was determined to go to Jerusalem; and He sent messengers on ahead of Him, and they went and entered a village of the Samaritans to make arrangements for Him. But they did not receive Him, because He was traveling toward Jerusalem. When His disciples James and John saw {this,} they said, "Lord, do You want us to command fire to come down from heaven and consume them?" But He turned and rebuked them, [and said, "You do not know what kind of spirit you are of; for the Son of Man did not come to destroy men's lives, but to save them."] And they went on to another village." (NASB)
Luke 10:29 – 37..."But wishing to justify himself, he said to Jesus, "And who is my neighbor?" Jesus replied and said, "A man was going down from Jerusalem to Jericho, and fell among robbers, and they stripped him and beat him, and went away leaving him half dead. "And by chance a priest was going down on that road, and when he saw him, he passed by on the other side. "Likewise a Levite also, when he came to the place and saw him, passed by on the other side. "But a Samaritan, who was on a journey, came upon him; and when he saw him, he felt compassion, and came to him and bandaged up his wounds, pouring oil and wine on {them;} and he put him on his own beast, and brought him to an inn and took care of him. "On the next day he took out two denarii and gave them to the innkeeper and said, 'Take care of him; and whatever more you spend, when I return I will repay you.' "Which of these three do you think proved to be a neighbor to the man who fell into the robbers' {hands?}" And he said, "The one who showed mercy toward him." Then Jesus said to him, "Go and do the same." (NASB)
Luke 17:11 – 16..."While He was on the way to Jerusalem, He was passing between Samaria and Galilee. As He entered a village, ten leprous men who stood at a distance met Him; and they raised their voices, saying, "Jesus, Master, have mercy on us!" When He saw them, He said to them, "Go and show yourselves to the priests." And as they were going, they were cleansed. Now one of them, when he saw that he had been healed, turned back, glorifying God with a loud voice, and he fell on his face at His feet, giving thanks to Him. And he was a Samaritan." (NASB)
c. lepers (Luke 17:17 – 19..."Then Jesus answered and said, "Were there not ten cleansed? But the nine--where are they? "Was no one found who returned to give glory to God, except this foreigner?" And He said to him, "Stand up and go; your faith has made you well." (NASB))
d. tax collectors (Luke 9:1 – 10..."And He called the twelve together, and gave them power and authority over all the demons and to heal diseases. And He sent them out to proclaim the kingdom of God and to perform healing. And He said to them, "Take nothing for {your} journey, neither a staff, nor a bag, nor bread, nor money; and do not {even} have two tunics apiece. "Whatever house you enter, stay there until you leave that city. "And as for those who do not receive you, as you go out from that city, shake the dust off your feet as a testimony against them." Departing, they {began} going throughout the villages, preaching the gospel and healing everywhere. Now Herod the tetrarch heard of all that was happening; and he was greatly perplexed, because it was said by some that John had risen from the dead, and by some that Elijah had appeared, and by others that one of the prophets of old had risen again. Herod said, "I myself had John beheaded; but who is this man about whom I hear such things?" And he kept trying to see Him. When the apostles returned, they gave an account to Him of all that they had done. Taking them with Him, He withdrew by Himself to a city called Bethsaida. (NASB))
e. criminals (Luke 23:39 – 43..."One of the criminals who were hanged {there} was hurling abuse at Him, saying, "Are You not the Christ? Save Yourself and us!" But the other answered, and rebuking him said, "Do you not even fear God, since you are under the same sentence of condemnation? "And we indeed {are suffering} justly, for we are receiving what we deserve for our deeds; but this man has done nothing wrong." And he was saying, "Jesus, remember me when You come in Your kingdom!" And He said to him, "Truly I say to you, today you shall be with Me in Paradise." (NASB))
D. Luke records the eyewitness memories of Mary (the first two chapters of Acts) and also possibly her genealogy (Luke 3:23 – 28..."When He began His ministry, Jesus Himself was about thirty years of age, being, as was supposed, the son of Joseph, the son of Eli, the son of Matthat, the son of Levi, the son of Melchi, the son of Jannai, the son of Joseph, the son of Mattathias, the son of Amos, the son of Nahum, the son of Hesli, the son of Naggai, the son of Maath, the son of Mattathias, the son of Semein, the son of Josech, the son of Joda, the son of Joanan, the son of Rhesa, the son of Zerubbabel, the son of Shealtiel, the son of Neri, the son of Melchi, the son of Addi, the son of Cosam, the son of Elmadam, the son of Er..." (NASB)). Luke’s Gospel illustrates Jesus’ concern for women, both Jew and Gentile.
B. Luke writes the best Koine Greek of all the New Testament writers with the possible exception of the author of Hebrews. Greek was his mother tongue. He was also highly educated, possibly even a physician (Colossians 4:14..."Luke, the beloved physician, sends you his greetings, and {also} Demas." (NASB)).
C. Luke cares for those whom others do not even think about.
1. women
2. the poor (Luke 6:20 – 23..."And turning His gaze toward His disciples, He {began} to say, "Blessed {are} you {who are} poor, for yours is the kingdom of God. "Blessed {are} you who hunger now, for you shall be satisfied. Blessed {are} you who weep now, for you shall laugh. "Blessed are you when men hate you, and ostracize you, and insult you, and scorn your name as evil, for the sake of the Son of Man. "Be glad in that day and leap {for joy,} for behold, your reward is great in heaven. For in the same way their fathers used to treat the prophets. (NASB))
3. the ostracized
a. immoral women (Luke 7:36 – 50)
b. Samaritans
Luke 9:51 – 56..."When the days were approaching for His ascension, He was determined to go to Jerusalem; and He sent messengers on ahead of Him, and they went and entered a village of the Samaritans to make arrangements for Him. But they did not receive Him, because He was traveling toward Jerusalem. When His disciples James and John saw {this,} they said, "Lord, do You want us to command fire to come down from heaven and consume them?" But He turned and rebuked them, [and said, "You do not know what kind of spirit you are of; for the Son of Man did not come to destroy men's lives, but to save them."] And they went on to another village." (NASB)
Luke 10:29 – 37..."But wishing to justify himself, he said to Jesus, "And who is my neighbor?" Jesus replied and said, "A man was going down from Jerusalem to Jericho, and fell among robbers, and they stripped him and beat him, and went away leaving him half dead. "And by chance a priest was going down on that road, and when he saw him, he passed by on the other side. "Likewise a Levite also, when he came to the place and saw him, passed by on the other side. "But a Samaritan, who was on a journey, came upon him; and when he saw him, he felt compassion, and came to him and bandaged up his wounds, pouring oil and wine on {them;} and he put him on his own beast, and brought him to an inn and took care of him. "On the next day he took out two denarii and gave them to the innkeeper and said, 'Take care of him; and whatever more you spend, when I return I will repay you.' "Which of these three do you think proved to be a neighbor to the man who fell into the robbers' {hands?}" And he said, "The one who showed mercy toward him." Then Jesus said to him, "Go and do the same." (NASB)
Luke 17:11 – 16..."While He was on the way to Jerusalem, He was passing between Samaria and Galilee. As He entered a village, ten leprous men who stood at a distance met Him; and they raised their voices, saying, "Jesus, Master, have mercy on us!" When He saw them, He said to them, "Go and show yourselves to the priests." And as they were going, they were cleansed. Now one of them, when he saw that he had been healed, turned back, glorifying God with a loud voice, and he fell on his face at His feet, giving thanks to Him. And he was a Samaritan." (NASB)
c. lepers (Luke 17:17 – 19..."Then Jesus answered and said, "Were there not ten cleansed? But the nine--where are they? "Was no one found who returned to give glory to God, except this foreigner?" And He said to him, "Stand up and go; your faith has made you well." (NASB))
d. tax collectors (Luke 9:1 – 10..."And He called the twelve together, and gave them power and authority over all the demons and to heal diseases. And He sent them out to proclaim the kingdom of God and to perform healing. And He said to them, "Take nothing for {your} journey, neither a staff, nor a bag, nor bread, nor money; and do not {even} have two tunics apiece. "Whatever house you enter, stay there until you leave that city. "And as for those who do not receive you, as you go out from that city, shake the dust off your feet as a testimony against them." Departing, they {began} going throughout the villages, preaching the gospel and healing everywhere. Now Herod the tetrarch heard of all that was happening; and he was greatly perplexed, because it was said by some that John had risen from the dead, and by some that Elijah had appeared, and by others that one of the prophets of old had risen again. Herod said, "I myself had John beheaded; but who is this man about whom I hear such things?" And he kept trying to see Him. When the apostles returned, they gave an account to Him of all that they had done. Taking them with Him, He withdrew by Himself to a city called Bethsaida. (NASB))
e. criminals (Luke 23:39 – 43..."One of the criminals who were hanged {there} was hurling abuse at Him, saying, "Are You not the Christ? Save Yourself and us!" But the other answered, and rebuking him said, "Do you not even fear God, since you are under the same sentence of condemnation? "And we indeed {are suffering} justly, for we are receiving what we deserve for our deeds; but this man has done nothing wrong." And he was saying, "Jesus, remember me when You come in Your kingdom!" And He said to him, "Truly I say to you, today you shall be with Me in Paradise." (NASB))
D. Luke records the eyewitness memories of Mary (the first two chapters of Acts) and also possibly her genealogy (Luke 3:23 – 28..."When He began His ministry, Jesus Himself was about thirty years of age, being, as was supposed, the son of Joseph, the son of Eli, the son of Matthat, the son of Levi, the son of Melchi, the son of Jannai, the son of Joseph, the son of Mattathias, the son of Amos, the son of Nahum, the son of Hesli, the son of Naggai, the son of Maath, the son of Mattathias, the son of Semein, the son of Josech, the son of Joda, the son of Joanan, the son of Rhesa, the son of Zerubbabel, the son of Shealtiel, the son of Neri, the son of Melchi, the son of Addi, the son of Cosam, the son of Elmadam, the son of Er..." (NASB)). Luke’s Gospel illustrates Jesus’ concern for women, both Jew and Gentile.
The Author
A. Unanimous early church tradition
1. Irenaeus (175 – 195 A.D.) says specifically that Luke recorded in a book the gospel preached by Paul.
2. Anti-Marcion Prologue to Luke (175 A.D.) says Luke was the author.
3. Tertullian (150/160 – 220/240 A.D.) says Luke wrote digest of Paul’s gospel.
4. Muratorian Fragment (180 – 200 A.D.) names Luke as the author and calls him a physician companion of Paul.
5. Eusebius also affirms Luke’s authorship of both Luke and Acts.
B. Internal evidence for Luke’s authorship
1. If Luke/Acts is a two volume set, which seems true from the similar introductions, then the “we” sections of Acts imply an eyewitness account of Paul’s missionary activity.
Acts 16:10 – 17..."When he had seen the vision, immediately we sought to go into Macedonia, concluding that God had called us to preach the gospel to them. So putting out to sea from Troas, we ran a straight course to Samothrace, and on the day following to Neapolis; and from there to Philippi, which is a leading city of the district of Macedonia, a {Roman} colony; and we were staying in this city for some days. And on the Sabbath day we went outside the gate to a riverside, where we were supposing that there would be a place of prayer; and we sat down and began speaking to the women who had assembled. A woman named Lydia, from the city of Thyatira, a seller of purple fabrics, a worshiper of God, was listening; and the Lord opened her heart to respond to the things spoken by Paul. And when she and her household had been baptized, she urged us, saying, "If you have judged me to be faithful to the Lord, come into my house and stay." And she prevailed upon us. It happened that as we were going to the place of prayer, a slave-girl having a spirit of divination met us, who was bringing her masters much profit by fortune-telling. Following after Paul and us, she kept crying out, saying, "These men are bond-servants of the Most High God, who are proclaiming to you the way of salvation." (NASB)
Acts 20:5 – 16..."But these had gone on ahead and were waiting for us at Troas. We sailed from Philippi after the days of Unleavened Bread, and came to them at Troas within five days; and there we stayed seven days. On the first day of the week, when we were gathered together to break bread, Paul {began} talking to them, intending to leave the next day, and he prolonged his message until midnight. There were many lamps in the upper room where we were gathered together. And there was a young man named Eutychus sitting on the window sill, sinking into a deep sleep; and as Paul kept on talking, he was overcome by sleep and fell down from the third floor and was picked up dead. But Paul went down and fell upon him, and after embracing him, he said, "Do not be troubled, for his life is in him." When he had gone {back} up and had broken the bread and eaten, he talked with them a long while until daybreak, and then left. They took away the boy alive, and were greatly comforted. But we, going ahead to the ship, set sail for Assos, intending from there to take Paul on board; for so he had arranged it, intending himself to go by land. And when he met us at Assos, we took him on board and came to Mitylene. Sailing from there, we arrived the following day opposite Chios; and the next day we crossed over to Samos; and the day following we came to Miletus. For Paul had decided to sail past Ephesus so that he would not have to spend time in Asia; for he was hurrying to be in Jerusalem, if possible, on the day of Pentecost." (NASB)
Acts 21:1 – 18, Acts 27:1 – 28:16
2. The introduction to Luke 1:1 – 4 states that Luke researched eyewitness accounts in order to write an historical approach to Jesus’ life, which shows he was a second-generation believer. The introduction to Luke also covers Acts.
1. Irenaeus (175 – 195 A.D.) says specifically that Luke recorded in a book the gospel preached by Paul.
2. Anti-Marcion Prologue to Luke (175 A.D.) says Luke was the author.
3. Tertullian (150/160 – 220/240 A.D.) says Luke wrote digest of Paul’s gospel.
4. Muratorian Fragment (180 – 200 A.D.) names Luke as the author and calls him a physician companion of Paul.
5. Eusebius also affirms Luke’s authorship of both Luke and Acts.
B. Internal evidence for Luke’s authorship
1. If Luke/Acts is a two volume set, which seems true from the similar introductions, then the “we” sections of Acts imply an eyewitness account of Paul’s missionary activity.
Acts 16:10 – 17..."When he had seen the vision, immediately we sought to go into Macedonia, concluding that God had called us to preach the gospel to them. So putting out to sea from Troas, we ran a straight course to Samothrace, and on the day following to Neapolis; and from there to Philippi, which is a leading city of the district of Macedonia, a {Roman} colony; and we were staying in this city for some days. And on the Sabbath day we went outside the gate to a riverside, where we were supposing that there would be a place of prayer; and we sat down and began speaking to the women who had assembled. A woman named Lydia, from the city of Thyatira, a seller of purple fabrics, a worshiper of God, was listening; and the Lord opened her heart to respond to the things spoken by Paul. And when she and her household had been baptized, she urged us, saying, "If you have judged me to be faithful to the Lord, come into my house and stay." And she prevailed upon us. It happened that as we were going to the place of prayer, a slave-girl having a spirit of divination met us, who was bringing her masters much profit by fortune-telling. Following after Paul and us, she kept crying out, saying, "These men are bond-servants of the Most High God, who are proclaiming to you the way of salvation." (NASB)
Acts 20:5 – 16..."But these had gone on ahead and were waiting for us at Troas. We sailed from Philippi after the days of Unleavened Bread, and came to them at Troas within five days; and there we stayed seven days. On the first day of the week, when we were gathered together to break bread, Paul {began} talking to them, intending to leave the next day, and he prolonged his message until midnight. There were many lamps in the upper room where we were gathered together. And there was a young man named Eutychus sitting on the window sill, sinking into a deep sleep; and as Paul kept on talking, he was overcome by sleep and fell down from the third floor and was picked up dead. But Paul went down and fell upon him, and after embracing him, he said, "Do not be troubled, for his life is in him." When he had gone {back} up and had broken the bread and eaten, he talked with them a long while until daybreak, and then left. They took away the boy alive, and were greatly comforted. But we, going ahead to the ship, set sail for Assos, intending from there to take Paul on board; for so he had arranged it, intending himself to go by land. And when he met us at Assos, we took him on board and came to Mitylene. Sailing from there, we arrived the following day opposite Chios; and the next day we crossed over to Samos; and the day following we came to Miletus. For Paul had decided to sail past Ephesus so that he would not have to spend time in Asia; for he was hurrying to be in Jerusalem, if possible, on the day of Pentecost." (NASB)
Acts 21:1 – 18, Acts 27:1 – 28:16
2. The introduction to Luke 1:1 – 4 states that Luke researched eyewitness accounts in order to write an historical approach to Jesus’ life, which shows he was a second-generation believer. The introduction to Luke also covers Acts.
Luke, The Man
A. Anti-Marcion Prologue to Luke (175 A.D.)
1. native of Antioch of Syria
2. physician
3. single
4. wrote from Achaia
5. died at age 84 in Boeotia
B. Eusebius of Caesarea (275 – 339 A.D.)
1. from Antioch
2. missionary companion of Paul
3. wrote the Gospel and Acts
C. Jerome (346 – 420 A.D.)
1. wrote from Achaia
2. died in Boeotia
D. He was a highly educated man
1. good Koine Greek grammar
2. large vocabulary
3. research methods
4. he probably was a physician (Colossians 4:14).
E. He was a Gentile
1. Paul seems to make a distinction in his list of helpers in Colossians 4:10 – 11 (i.e. “who are from the circumcision”) and other helpers (i.e. Epaphras, Luke, and Demas).
2. In Acts 1:19 Luke says “in their own language,” referring to Aramaic, which implies it was not his language. ú3. In his Gospel Luke omits all the controversies with Pharisees concerning the Jewish Oral Law.
F. Of all people to be the writer of the longest Gospel and, with Acts, the writer of most of the New Testament, it is surprising that a little-known, non-eyewitness (i.e. non-Apostle) Gentile would be chosen. Yet, this is the unanimous tradition of the early church, no dissenters!
1. native of Antioch of Syria
2. physician
3. single
4. wrote from Achaia
5. died at age 84 in Boeotia
B. Eusebius of Caesarea (275 – 339 A.D.)
1. from Antioch
2. missionary companion of Paul
3. wrote the Gospel and Acts
C. Jerome (346 – 420 A.D.)
1. wrote from Achaia
2. died in Boeotia
D. He was a highly educated man
1. good Koine Greek grammar
2. large vocabulary
3. research methods
4. he probably was a physician (Colossians 4:14).
E. He was a Gentile
1. Paul seems to make a distinction in his list of helpers in Colossians 4:10 – 11 (i.e. “who are from the circumcision”) and other helpers (i.e. Epaphras, Luke, and Demas).
2. In Acts 1:19 Luke says “in their own language,” referring to Aramaic, which implies it was not his language. ú3. In his Gospel Luke omits all the controversies with Pharisees concerning the Jewish Oral Law.
F. Of all people to be the writer of the longest Gospel and, with Acts, the writer of most of the New Testament, it is surprising that a little-known, non-eyewitness (i.e. non-Apostle) Gentile would be chosen. Yet, this is the unanimous tradition of the early church, no dissenters!
The Date
A. One never knows the exact relationship between Luke’s original research notes (probably done while Paul was in prison at Caesarea [ Acts 23 – 26 and specifically 24:27]) and his final draft (i.e. the Gospel of Luke as we know it) and circulation of Luke/Acts.
B. Before 95 A.D. if 1st Clement has quotes or illustrations from Acts
1. Acts 13:22...1st Clement 18:1
2. Acts 20:36...1st Clement 2:1
C. Before the destruction of Jerusalem ( 70 A.D.) by the Roman general, Titus
1. no mention of the deaths of...
a. James the Apostle (62 A.D.)
b. Paul the Apostle (64 – 67 A.D.)
2. Stephen’s sermon in Acts 7 does not include the destruction of the Temple, which would illustrate God’s judgment.
3. Paul visits Jerusalem in Acts 21 and Luke, if he wrote after 70 A.D., would probably have mentioned the destruction.
D. If Luke used the Gospel of Mark as an outline and/or Luke wrote close to the time of his research in Palestine, then the late fifties and early sixties (with Acts written soon after Paul was still in prison in Rome, 62 – 63 A.D.).
B. Before 95 A.D. if 1st Clement has quotes or illustrations from Acts
1. Acts 13:22...1st Clement 18:1
2. Acts 20:36...1st Clement 2:1
C. Before the destruction of Jerusalem ( 70 A.D.) by the Roman general, Titus
1. no mention of the deaths of...
a. James the Apostle (62 A.D.)
b. Paul the Apostle (64 – 67 A.D.)
2. Stephen’s sermon in Acts 7 does not include the destruction of the Temple, which would illustrate God’s judgment.
3. Paul visits Jerusalem in Acts 21 and Luke, if he wrote after 70 A.D., would probably have mentioned the destruction.
D. If Luke used the Gospel of Mark as an outline and/or Luke wrote close to the time of his research in Palestine, then the late fifties and early sixties (with Acts written soon after Paul was still in prison in Rome, 62 – 63 A.D.).
The Recipients
A. For Theophilus (Luke 1:1 – 4; Acts 1:1). Theories about who he was...
1. a Roman governmental official because Luke calls him “most excellent” in Luke 1:3 and he uses this same title for Felix (Acts 23:26..."Claudius Lysias, to the most excellent governor Felix, greetings." and 24:3..."we acknowledge {this} in every way and everywhere, most excellent Felix, with all thankfulness." (NASB)) and Festus (Acts 26:25..."But Paul *said, "I am not out of my mind, most excellent Festus, but I utter words of sober truth." (NASB)).
2. a wealthy patron (Theophilus was a common l name among Jews and Greeks) who helped pay the expenses for writing, copying, and distributing Luke and Acts
3. his name means “God loved,” “lover of God,” therefore, it is possibly a cryptic reference to Christians
B. Luke’s Gospel targeted to Gentiles
1. explains Jewish localities (Luke 4:31, 8:26, 21:37, 23:51, and 24:13)
2. gospel is for all people (Luke 2:10)
3. quotes from The Old Testament (particularly The Septuagint) few direct quotes but many allusions to The Scriptures (Luke 2:23 – 24; 3:4 – 6; 4:4, 8, 10 – 12, 18 – 19; 7:27; 10:27; 18:20; 19:46; 20:17, 28, 37, 42 – 43; 22:37)
4. the genealogy goes back to Adam (Luke 3:23 – 38..."When He began His ministry, Jesus Himself was about thirty years of age, being, as was supposed, the son of Joseph, the son of Eli, the son of Matthat, the son of Levi, the son of Melchi, the son of Jannai, the son of Joseph, the son of Mattathias, the son of Amos, the son of Nahum, the son of Hesli, the son of Naggai, the son of Maath, the son of Mattathias, the son of Semein, the son of Josech, the son of Joda, the son of Joanan, the son of Rhesa, the son of Zerubbabel, the son of Shealtiel, the son of Neri, the son of Melchi, the son of Addi, the son of Cosam, the son of Elmadam, the son of Er, the son of Joshua, the son of Eliezer, the son of Jorim, the son of Matthat, the son of Levi, the son of Simeon, the son of Judah, the son of Joseph, the son of Jonam, the son of Eliakim, the son of Melea, the son of Menna, the son of Mattatha, the son of Nathan, the son of David, the son of Jesse, the son of Obed, the son of Boaz, the son of Salmon, the son of Nahshon, the son of Amminadab, the son of Admin, the son of Ram, the son of Hezron, the son of Perez, the son of Judah, the son of Jacob, the son of Isaac, the son of Abraham, the son of Terah, the son of Nahor, the son of Serug, the son of Reu, the son of Peleg, the son of Heber, the son of Shelah, the son of Cainan, the son of Arphaxad, the son of Shem, the son of Noah, the son of Lamech, the son of Methuselah, the son of Enoch, the son of Jared, the son of Mahalaleel, the son of Cainan, the son of Enosh, the son of Seth, the son of Adam, the son of God." (NASB))
5. referred to Roman Emperors in designating the dates of Jesus’ birth (Luke 2:1) and John The Baptist’s preaching (Luke 3:1)
6. Luke’s Great Commission—forgiveness preached to all nations (Luke 24:47..."...and that repentance for forgiveness of sins would be proclaimed in His name to all the nations, beginning from Jerusalem." (NASB))
7. the use of numerous words that where familiar to The Gentiles
1. a Roman governmental official because Luke calls him “most excellent” in Luke 1:3 and he uses this same title for Felix (Acts 23:26..."Claudius Lysias, to the most excellent governor Felix, greetings." and 24:3..."we acknowledge {this} in every way and everywhere, most excellent Felix, with all thankfulness." (NASB)) and Festus (Acts 26:25..."But Paul *said, "I am not out of my mind, most excellent Festus, but I utter words of sober truth." (NASB)).
2. a wealthy patron (Theophilus was a common l name among Jews and Greeks) who helped pay the expenses for writing, copying, and distributing Luke and Acts
3. his name means “God loved,” “lover of God,” therefore, it is possibly a cryptic reference to Christians
B. Luke’s Gospel targeted to Gentiles
1. explains Jewish localities (Luke 4:31, 8:26, 21:37, 23:51, and 24:13)
2. gospel is for all people (Luke 2:10)
3. quotes from The Old Testament (particularly The Septuagint) few direct quotes but many allusions to The Scriptures (Luke 2:23 – 24; 3:4 – 6; 4:4, 8, 10 – 12, 18 – 19; 7:27; 10:27; 18:20; 19:46; 20:17, 28, 37, 42 – 43; 22:37)
4. the genealogy goes back to Adam (Luke 3:23 – 38..."When He began His ministry, Jesus Himself was about thirty years of age, being, as was supposed, the son of Joseph, the son of Eli, the son of Matthat, the son of Levi, the son of Melchi, the son of Jannai, the son of Joseph, the son of Mattathias, the son of Amos, the son of Nahum, the son of Hesli, the son of Naggai, the son of Maath, the son of Mattathias, the son of Semein, the son of Josech, the son of Joda, the son of Joanan, the son of Rhesa, the son of Zerubbabel, the son of Shealtiel, the son of Neri, the son of Melchi, the son of Addi, the son of Cosam, the son of Elmadam, the son of Er, the son of Joshua, the son of Eliezer, the son of Jorim, the son of Matthat, the son of Levi, the son of Simeon, the son of Judah, the son of Joseph, the son of Jonam, the son of Eliakim, the son of Melea, the son of Menna, the son of Mattatha, the son of Nathan, the son of David, the son of Jesse, the son of Obed, the son of Boaz, the son of Salmon, the son of Nahshon, the son of Amminadab, the son of Admin, the son of Ram, the son of Hezron, the son of Perez, the son of Judah, the son of Jacob, the son of Isaac, the son of Abraham, the son of Terah, the son of Nahor, the son of Serug, the son of Reu, the son of Peleg, the son of Heber, the son of Shelah, the son of Cainan, the son of Arphaxad, the son of Shem, the son of Noah, the son of Lamech, the son of Methuselah, the son of Enoch, the son of Jared, the son of Mahalaleel, the son of Cainan, the son of Enosh, the son of Seth, the son of Adam, the son of God." (NASB))
5. referred to Roman Emperors in designating the dates of Jesus’ birth (Luke 2:1) and John The Baptist’s preaching (Luke 3:1)
6. Luke’s Great Commission—forgiveness preached to all nations (Luke 24:47..."...and that repentance for forgiveness of sins would be proclaimed in His name to all the nations, beginning from Jerusalem." (NASB))
7. the use of numerous words that where familiar to The Gentiles
The Purpose
The sole purposes Luke wrote this Gospel...
A. was in confirming the faith of Theophilus
and
B. was to present Jesus as The Son on Man that Israel rejected
A. Other possible purposes:
1. to explain the delayed Second Coming
a. Luke 21 is different from Matthew 24 and Mark 13, concerning the imminent return of Christ and the end of the world.
b. Luke speaks of world evangelism, which takes time for the church to accomplish (Luke 24:47).
c. Luke emphasizes that the Kingdom of God is here now (Luke 10:9,11; 11:20; 17:21)
2. to explain Christianity to Roman governmental officials
a. title “most excellent” in introduction
b. Luke 23 has Pilate saying three times, “I find no fault in this man” (Luke 23:4, 14 – 15, 22)
c. the government officials in Acts are presented in a good light and Paul’s addresses to Roman officials show respect to them and they respond positively in return to him (Acts 26:31 – 32)
d. the Roman centurion at the crucifixion gives a positive witness to Jesus (Luke 23:47)
B. There are some unique theological themes that play a role in the purpose(s) for Luke’s writings
1. the poor vs. the rich (Luke 6:20 – 23) the outcasts...immoral women (Luke 7:36 – 50)...Samaritans (Luke 9:51-56; 10:29 – 37)...rebellious runaways (Luke 15:11 – 32)...tax collectors (Luke 19:1 – 10)...lepers (Luke 17:11 – 19)...criminals (Luke 23:39 – 43)
2. Luke mentions the Temple in Jerusalem. The Gospel begins with the Jews and their Scriptures (i.e. Jesus fulfills Old Testament prophecy), but they reject Him (Luke 11:14 – 36) and He becomes the Savior of the entire world (Luke 10:1 – 24)
A. was in confirming the faith of Theophilus
and
B. was to present Jesus as The Son on Man that Israel rejected
A. Other possible purposes:
1. to explain the delayed Second Coming
a. Luke 21 is different from Matthew 24 and Mark 13, concerning the imminent return of Christ and the end of the world.
b. Luke speaks of world evangelism, which takes time for the church to accomplish (Luke 24:47).
c. Luke emphasizes that the Kingdom of God is here now (Luke 10:9,11; 11:20; 17:21)
2. to explain Christianity to Roman governmental officials
a. title “most excellent” in introduction
b. Luke 23 has Pilate saying three times, “I find no fault in this man” (Luke 23:4, 14 – 15, 22)
c. the government officials in Acts are presented in a good light and Paul’s addresses to Roman officials show respect to them and they respond positively in return to him (Acts 26:31 – 32)
d. the Roman centurion at the crucifixion gives a positive witness to Jesus (Luke 23:47)
B. There are some unique theological themes that play a role in the purpose(s) for Luke’s writings
1. the poor vs. the rich (Luke 6:20 – 23) the outcasts...immoral women (Luke 7:36 – 50)...Samaritans (Luke 9:51-56; 10:29 – 37)...rebellious runaways (Luke 15:11 – 32)...tax collectors (Luke 19:1 – 10)...lepers (Luke 17:11 – 19)...criminals (Luke 23:39 – 43)
2. Luke mentions the Temple in Jerusalem. The Gospel begins with the Jews and their Scriptures (i.e. Jesus fulfills Old Testament prophecy), but they reject Him (Luke 11:14 – 36) and He becomes the Savior of the entire world (Luke 10:1 – 24)
The Characterisitics
1. The Gospel is more emphasized universal than the other writers.
2. The reader has a comprehensive look at the history of the period.
3. The emphasis of forgiveness (Luke 3:3, 5:18 – 26, 6:37, 7:36 – 50, 11:4, 12:10, 17:3 – 4, 23:34, 24:47)
4. The emphasis of prayer (Luke 3:21; 5:16; 6:12; 9:18 and 29; 22:32 and 40 – 41).
5. Luke notes the individuals’ place in coming to repentance.
6. Luke spoke more on material things than any other author of The New Testament.
7. The speaking of joy that comes with faith and salvation (Luke 1:14; 8:13; 10:17; 13:17; 15:5, 9, 32; 19:6, 37)
2. The reader has a comprehensive look at the history of the period.
3. The emphasis of forgiveness (Luke 3:3, 5:18 – 26, 6:37, 7:36 – 50, 11:4, 12:10, 17:3 – 4, 23:34, 24:47)
4. The emphasis of prayer (Luke 3:21; 5:16; 6:12; 9:18 and 29; 22:32 and 40 – 41).
5. Luke notes the individuals’ place in coming to repentance.
6. Luke spoke more on material things than any other author of The New Testament.
7. The speaking of joy that comes with faith and salvation (Luke 1:14; 8:13; 10:17; 13:17; 15:5, 9, 32; 19:6, 37)
The Uniqueness
A. The first two chapters are unique to Luke and may have come from Mary, as does the genealogy of Luke 3:23 – 28).
B. Miracles unique to Luke
1. son of the widow of Nain resuscitated, 7:12 – 17
2. sick woman in synagogue healed on the Sabbath, 13:10 – 17
3. sick man in synagogue healed on the Sabbath, 14:1 – 6
4. the ten lepers healed, only one, a Samaritan, returns to give thanks, 17:11 – 18
C. Parables unique to Luke
1. the good Samaritan, 10:25 – 37
2. the persistent friend, 11:5 – 13
3. the rich fool, 12:13 – 21
4. the lost coin, 15:8 – 10
5. the two sons, 15:11 – 32
6. the unrighteous steward, 16:1 – 8
7. the rich man and Lazarus, 16:19 – 31
8. the unrighteous judge, 18:1 – 8
9. the Pharisee and Publican, 18:9 – 14
D. Parables in Luke that are also in Matthew, but used differently
1. 12:39 – 46 (Matthew 24:43 – 44)
2. 14:16 – 24 (Matthew 22:2 – 14)
3. 19:11 – 27 (Matthew 25:14 – 30)
E. Other unique accounts
1. the events of the first two chapters
2. Zacchaeus the tax-collector, Luke 19:1 – 10
3. Jesus sent to Herod by Pilate to be examined, Luke 23:8 – 12
4. the two on the road to Emmaus, Luke 24:13 – 32
F. The most unique elements in Luke are found in 9:51 – 18 :14. Here Luke does not rely on Mark or “Q” (i.e. sayings of Jesus possibly written by Matthew). Even points of similar events or teachings are put into a different form. The unifying theme of this section is “on the way to Jerusalem” (Luke 9:51; 13:22 ,33; 17:11; 18:31; 19:11 ,28), which is really His journey to the cross.
B. Miracles unique to Luke
1. son of the widow of Nain resuscitated, 7:12 – 17
2. sick woman in synagogue healed on the Sabbath, 13:10 – 17
3. sick man in synagogue healed on the Sabbath, 14:1 – 6
4. the ten lepers healed, only one, a Samaritan, returns to give thanks, 17:11 – 18
C. Parables unique to Luke
1. the good Samaritan, 10:25 – 37
2. the persistent friend, 11:5 – 13
3. the rich fool, 12:13 – 21
4. the lost coin, 15:8 – 10
5. the two sons, 15:11 – 32
6. the unrighteous steward, 16:1 – 8
7. the rich man and Lazarus, 16:19 – 31
8. the unrighteous judge, 18:1 – 8
9. the Pharisee and Publican, 18:9 – 14
D. Parables in Luke that are also in Matthew, but used differently
1. 12:39 – 46 (Matthew 24:43 – 44)
2. 14:16 – 24 (Matthew 22:2 – 14)
3. 19:11 – 27 (Matthew 25:14 – 30)
E. Other unique accounts
1. the events of the first two chapters
2. Zacchaeus the tax-collector, Luke 19:1 – 10
3. Jesus sent to Herod by Pilate to be examined, Luke 23:8 – 12
4. the two on the road to Emmaus, Luke 24:13 – 32
F. The most unique elements in Luke are found in 9:51 – 18 :14. Here Luke does not rely on Mark or “Q” (i.e. sayings of Jesus possibly written by Matthew). Even points of similar events or teachings are put into a different form. The unifying theme of this section is “on the way to Jerusalem” (Luke 9:51; 13:22 ,33; 17:11; 18:31; 19:11 ,28), which is really His journey to the cross.
The Outline
I. Introduction 1:1 – 4
II. The birth and childhood of Jesus 1:5 – 2:52
A. The announcement of John the Baptist's birth 1:5 – 25
1. The introduction of John's parents 1:5 – 7
2. The angel's announcement to Zechariah 1:8 – 23
3. The pregnancy of Elizabeth 1:24 – 25
B. The announcement of Jesus' birth 1:26 – 56
1. The introduction of Mary and Joseph 1:26 – 27
2. The angel's announcement to Mary 1:28 – 38
3. Mary's visit to Elizabeth 1:39 – 56
C. The birth and early life of John the Baptist 1:57 – 80
1. The naming of John 1:57 – 66
2. Zechariah's song of praise 1:67 – 79
3. The preparation of John 1:80
D. The birth and early life of Jesus ch. 2
1. The setting of Jesus' birth 2:1 – 7
2. The announcement to the shepherds 2:8 – 20
3. Jesus' circumcision 2:21
4. Jesus' presentation in the temple 2:22 – 38
5. Jesus' development in Nazareth 2:39 – 40
6. Jesus' visit to the temple as a boy 2:41 – 5
7. Jesus' continuing growth 2:51 – 52
III. The preparation for Jesus' ministry 3:1 – 4:13
A. The ministry of John the Baptist 3:1 – 20
1. The beginning of John's ministry 3:1 – 6
2. John's preaching 3:7 – 18
3. The end of John's ministry 3:19 – 20
B. The baptism of Jesus 3:21 – 22
C. The genealogy of Jesus 3:23 – 38
D. The temptation of Jesus 4:1 – 13
IV. Jesus' ministry in and around Galilee 4:14 – 9:50
A. Jesus' teaching ministry and the response to it 4:14 – 5:11
1. An introduction to Jesus' Galilean ministry 4:14 – 15
2. Jesus' teaching in Nazareth 4:16 – 30
3. Jesus' ministry in and around Capernaum 4:31 – 44
4. The call of Peter, James, and John 5:1 – 11
B. The beginning of controversy with the Pharisees 5:12 – 6:11
1. Jesus' cleansing of a leprous Jew 5:12 – 16
2. Jesus' authority to forgive sins 5:17 – 26
3. Jesus' attitude toward sinners 5:27 – 32
4. Jesus' attitude toward fasting 5:33 – 39
5. Jesus' authority over the Sabbath 6:1 – 5
6. Jesus' attitude toward the Sabbath 6:6 – 11
C. Jesus' teaching of His disciples 6:12 – 49
1. The selection of 12 disciples 6:12 – 16
2. The assembling of the people 6:17 – 19
3. The Sermon on the Mount 6:20 – 49
D. Jesus' compassion for people ch. 7
1. The healing of a centurion's servant 7:1 – 10
2. The raising of a widow's son 7:11 – 17
3. The confusion about Jesus' identity 7:18 – 35
4. The anointing by a sinful woman 7:36 – 50
E. Jesus' teaching in parables 8:1 – 21
1. The companions and supporters of Jesus 8:1 – 3
2. The parable of the soils 8:4 – 15
3. The parable of the lamp 8:16 – 18
4. The true family of Jesus 8:19 – 21
F. Jesus' mighty works 8:22 – 56
1. The stilling of the storm 8:22 – 25
2. The deliverance of a demoniac in Gadara 8:26 – 39
3. The healing of a woman with a hemorrhage and the raising of Jairus' daughter 8:40 – 56
G. Jesus' preparation of the Twelve 9:1 – 50
1. The mission of the Twelve to Israel 9:1 – 6
2. Herod's question about Jesus' identity 9:7 – 9
3. The feeding of the 5000 9:10 – 17
4. Peter's confession of faith 9:18 – 27
5. The Transfiguration 9:28 – 36
6. The exorcism of an epileptic boy 9:37 – 43a
7. Jesus' announcement of His betrayal 9:43b – 45
8. The pride of the disciples 9:46 – 50
V. Jesus' ministry on the way to Jerusalem 9:51 – 19:27
A. The responsibilities and rewards of discipleship 9:51 – 10:24
1. The importance of toleration 9:51 – 56
2. The importance of self-denial 9:57 – 62
3. The importance of participation 10:1 – 16
4. The joy of participation 10:17 – 20
5. The joy of comprehension 10:21 – 24
B. The relationships of disciples 10:25 – 11:13
1. The relation of disciples to their neighbors 10:25 – 37
2. The relation of disciples to Jesus 10:38 – 42
3. The relation of disciples to God the Father 11:1 – 13
C. The results of popular opposition 11:14 – 54
1. The Beelzebul controversy 11:14 – 26
2. The importance of observing God's Word 11:27 – 28
3. The sign of Jonah 11:29 – 32
4. The importance of responding to the light 11:33 – 36
5. The climax of Pharisaic opposition 11:37 – 54
D. The instruction of the disciples in view of Jesus' rejection 12:1 – 13:17
1. The importance of fearless confession 12:1 – 12
2. The importance of the eternal perspective 12:13 – 21
3. God's provisions for disciples 12:22 – 34
4. The coming of the Son of Man 12:35 – 48
5. The coming crisis 12:49 – 59
6. A call to repentance 13:1 – 9
7. A sign of Jesus' ability to affect change 13:10 – 17
E. Instruction about the kingdom 13:18 – 14:35
1. Parables of the kingdom 13:18 – 21
2. Entrance into the kingdom 13:22 – 30
3. Jesus' postponement of the kingdom 13:31 – 35
4. Participants in the kingdom 14:1 – 24
5. The cost of discipleship 14:25 – 35
F. God's attitude toward sinners ch. 15
1. The setting for Jesus' teaching 15:1 – 2
2. The parable of the lost sheep 15:3 – 7
3. The parable of the lost coin 15:8 – 10
4. The parable of the lost son 15:11 – 32
G. Jesus' warnings about riches ch. 16
1. Discipleship as stewardship 16:1 – 13
2. Jesus' rebuke of the Pharisees for their greed 16:14 – 31
H. Jesus' warning about disciples' actions and attitudes 17:1 – 19
1. The prevention of sin and the restoration of sinners 17:1 – 4
2. The disciples' attitude toward their duty 17:5 – 10
3. The importance of gratitude 17:11 – 19
I. Jesus' teaching about His return 17:20 – 18:8
1. A short lesson for the Pharisees 17:20 – 21
2. A longer explanation for the disciples 17:22 – 37
3. The parable of the persistent widow 18:1 – 8
J. The recipients of salvation 18:9 – 19:27
1. The parable of the Pharisee and the tax collector 18:9 – 14
2. An illustration of humility 18:15 – 17
3. The handicap of wealth 18:18 – 30
4. Jesus' passion announcement and the disciples' lack of perception 18:31 – 34
5. The healing of a blind man near Jericho 18:35 – 43
6. Zaccheus' ideal response to Jesus 19:1 – 10
7. The parable of the minas 19:11 – 27
VI. Jesus' ministry in Jerusalem 19:28 – 21:38
A. The Triumphal Entry 19:28 – 40
B. The beginning of Jesus' ministry in Jerusalem 19:41 – 48
1. Jesus' sorrow over Jerusalem 19:41 – 44
2. Jesus' cleansing of the temple 19:45 – 46
3. A synopsis of Jesus' teaching in the temple 19:47 – 48
C. Jesus' teachings in the temple 20:1 – 21:4
1. The controversy over authority 20:1 – 8
2. The parable of the wicked tenant farmers 20:9 – 19
3. The question of tribute to Caesar 20:20 – 26
4. The problem of the resurrection 20:27 – 40
5. Jesus' question about David's son 20:41 – 44
6. Jesus' condemnation of the scribes 20:45 – 47
7. Jesus' commendation of a widow 21:1 – 4
D. Jesus' teaching about the destruction of the temple 21:5 – 36
1. The setting and the warning about being misled 21:5 – 9
2. The need for faithful perseverance 21:10 – 19
3. The judgment coming on Jerusalem 21:20 – 24
4. The second coming of the Son of Man 21:25 – 28
5. The certainty of these events 21:29 – 33
6. The concluding exhortation to watchfulness 21:34 – 36
E. A summary of Jesus' ministry in Jerusalem 21:37 – 38
VII. Jesus' passion, resurrection, and ascension chs. 22 – 24
A. The plot to arrest Jesus 22:1 – 6
1. The leaders' desire 22:1 – 2
2. Judas' offer 22:3 – 6
B. The preparations for the Passover 22:7 – 13
C. Events in the upper room 22:14 – 38
1. The Passover meal 22:14 – 18
2. The institution of the Lord's Supper 22:19 – 20
3. Jesus' announcement of His betrayal 22:21 – 23
4. Teaching about the disciples' service 22:24 – 30
5. Jesus' announcement of Peter's denial 22:31 – 34
6. The opposition to come 22:35 – 38
D. The arrest of Jesus 22:39 – 53
1. Jesus' preparation in Gethsemane 22:39 – 46
2. Judas' betrayal 22:47 – 53
E. The trials of Jesus 22:54 – 23:25
1. Peter's denial of Jesus 22:54 – 62
2. The mockery of the soldiers 22:63 – 65
3. Jesus' trial before the Sanhedrin 22:66 – 71
4. Jesus' first appearance before Pilate 23:1 – 7
5. Jesus' appearance before Herod 23:8 – 12
6. Jesus' second appearance before Pilate 23:13 – 25
F. The crucifixion of Jesus 23:26 – 49
1. Events on the way to Golgotha 23:26 – 32
2. Jesus' death 23:33 – 49
G. The burial of Jesus 23:50 – 56
H. The resurrection of Jesus 24:1 – 12
I. The post-resurrection appearances of Jesus 24:13 – 49
1. The appearance to the disciples walking to Emmaus 24:13 – 35
2. The appearances to the disciples in Jerusalem 24:36 – 49
J. The ascension of Jesus 24:50 – 53
II. The birth and childhood of Jesus 1:5 – 2:52
A. The announcement of John the Baptist's birth 1:5 – 25
1. The introduction of John's parents 1:5 – 7
2. The angel's announcement to Zechariah 1:8 – 23
3. The pregnancy of Elizabeth 1:24 – 25
B. The announcement of Jesus' birth 1:26 – 56
1. The introduction of Mary and Joseph 1:26 – 27
2. The angel's announcement to Mary 1:28 – 38
3. Mary's visit to Elizabeth 1:39 – 56
C. The birth and early life of John the Baptist 1:57 – 80
1. The naming of John 1:57 – 66
2. Zechariah's song of praise 1:67 – 79
3. The preparation of John 1:80
D. The birth and early life of Jesus ch. 2
1. The setting of Jesus' birth 2:1 – 7
2. The announcement to the shepherds 2:8 – 20
3. Jesus' circumcision 2:21
4. Jesus' presentation in the temple 2:22 – 38
5. Jesus' development in Nazareth 2:39 – 40
6. Jesus' visit to the temple as a boy 2:41 – 5
7. Jesus' continuing growth 2:51 – 52
III. The preparation for Jesus' ministry 3:1 – 4:13
A. The ministry of John the Baptist 3:1 – 20
1. The beginning of John's ministry 3:1 – 6
2. John's preaching 3:7 – 18
3. The end of John's ministry 3:19 – 20
B. The baptism of Jesus 3:21 – 22
C. The genealogy of Jesus 3:23 – 38
D. The temptation of Jesus 4:1 – 13
IV. Jesus' ministry in and around Galilee 4:14 – 9:50
A. Jesus' teaching ministry and the response to it 4:14 – 5:11
1. An introduction to Jesus' Galilean ministry 4:14 – 15
2. Jesus' teaching in Nazareth 4:16 – 30
3. Jesus' ministry in and around Capernaum 4:31 – 44
4. The call of Peter, James, and John 5:1 – 11
B. The beginning of controversy with the Pharisees 5:12 – 6:11
1. Jesus' cleansing of a leprous Jew 5:12 – 16
2. Jesus' authority to forgive sins 5:17 – 26
3. Jesus' attitude toward sinners 5:27 – 32
4. Jesus' attitude toward fasting 5:33 – 39
5. Jesus' authority over the Sabbath 6:1 – 5
6. Jesus' attitude toward the Sabbath 6:6 – 11
C. Jesus' teaching of His disciples 6:12 – 49
1. The selection of 12 disciples 6:12 – 16
2. The assembling of the people 6:17 – 19
3. The Sermon on the Mount 6:20 – 49
D. Jesus' compassion for people ch. 7
1. The healing of a centurion's servant 7:1 – 10
2. The raising of a widow's son 7:11 – 17
3. The confusion about Jesus' identity 7:18 – 35
4. The anointing by a sinful woman 7:36 – 50
E. Jesus' teaching in parables 8:1 – 21
1. The companions and supporters of Jesus 8:1 – 3
2. The parable of the soils 8:4 – 15
3. The parable of the lamp 8:16 – 18
4. The true family of Jesus 8:19 – 21
F. Jesus' mighty works 8:22 – 56
1. The stilling of the storm 8:22 – 25
2. The deliverance of a demoniac in Gadara 8:26 – 39
3. The healing of a woman with a hemorrhage and the raising of Jairus' daughter 8:40 – 56
G. Jesus' preparation of the Twelve 9:1 – 50
1. The mission of the Twelve to Israel 9:1 – 6
2. Herod's question about Jesus' identity 9:7 – 9
3. The feeding of the 5000 9:10 – 17
4. Peter's confession of faith 9:18 – 27
5. The Transfiguration 9:28 – 36
6. The exorcism of an epileptic boy 9:37 – 43a
7. Jesus' announcement of His betrayal 9:43b – 45
8. The pride of the disciples 9:46 – 50
V. Jesus' ministry on the way to Jerusalem 9:51 – 19:27
A. The responsibilities and rewards of discipleship 9:51 – 10:24
1. The importance of toleration 9:51 – 56
2. The importance of self-denial 9:57 – 62
3. The importance of participation 10:1 – 16
4. The joy of participation 10:17 – 20
5. The joy of comprehension 10:21 – 24
B. The relationships of disciples 10:25 – 11:13
1. The relation of disciples to their neighbors 10:25 – 37
2. The relation of disciples to Jesus 10:38 – 42
3. The relation of disciples to God the Father 11:1 – 13
C. The results of popular opposition 11:14 – 54
1. The Beelzebul controversy 11:14 – 26
2. The importance of observing God's Word 11:27 – 28
3. The sign of Jonah 11:29 – 32
4. The importance of responding to the light 11:33 – 36
5. The climax of Pharisaic opposition 11:37 – 54
D. The instruction of the disciples in view of Jesus' rejection 12:1 – 13:17
1. The importance of fearless confession 12:1 – 12
2. The importance of the eternal perspective 12:13 – 21
3. God's provisions for disciples 12:22 – 34
4. The coming of the Son of Man 12:35 – 48
5. The coming crisis 12:49 – 59
6. A call to repentance 13:1 – 9
7. A sign of Jesus' ability to affect change 13:10 – 17
E. Instruction about the kingdom 13:18 – 14:35
1. Parables of the kingdom 13:18 – 21
2. Entrance into the kingdom 13:22 – 30
3. Jesus' postponement of the kingdom 13:31 – 35
4. Participants in the kingdom 14:1 – 24
5. The cost of discipleship 14:25 – 35
F. God's attitude toward sinners ch. 15
1. The setting for Jesus' teaching 15:1 – 2
2. The parable of the lost sheep 15:3 – 7
3. The parable of the lost coin 15:8 – 10
4. The parable of the lost son 15:11 – 32
G. Jesus' warnings about riches ch. 16
1. Discipleship as stewardship 16:1 – 13
2. Jesus' rebuke of the Pharisees for their greed 16:14 – 31
H. Jesus' warning about disciples' actions and attitudes 17:1 – 19
1. The prevention of sin and the restoration of sinners 17:1 – 4
2. The disciples' attitude toward their duty 17:5 – 10
3. The importance of gratitude 17:11 – 19
I. Jesus' teaching about His return 17:20 – 18:8
1. A short lesson for the Pharisees 17:20 – 21
2. A longer explanation for the disciples 17:22 – 37
3. The parable of the persistent widow 18:1 – 8
J. The recipients of salvation 18:9 – 19:27
1. The parable of the Pharisee and the tax collector 18:9 – 14
2. An illustration of humility 18:15 – 17
3. The handicap of wealth 18:18 – 30
4. Jesus' passion announcement and the disciples' lack of perception 18:31 – 34
5. The healing of a blind man near Jericho 18:35 – 43
6. Zaccheus' ideal response to Jesus 19:1 – 10
7. The parable of the minas 19:11 – 27
VI. Jesus' ministry in Jerusalem 19:28 – 21:38
A. The Triumphal Entry 19:28 – 40
B. The beginning of Jesus' ministry in Jerusalem 19:41 – 48
1. Jesus' sorrow over Jerusalem 19:41 – 44
2. Jesus' cleansing of the temple 19:45 – 46
3. A synopsis of Jesus' teaching in the temple 19:47 – 48
C. Jesus' teachings in the temple 20:1 – 21:4
1. The controversy over authority 20:1 – 8
2. The parable of the wicked tenant farmers 20:9 – 19
3. The question of tribute to Caesar 20:20 – 26
4. The problem of the resurrection 20:27 – 40
5. Jesus' question about David's son 20:41 – 44
6. Jesus' condemnation of the scribes 20:45 – 47
7. Jesus' commendation of a widow 21:1 – 4
D. Jesus' teaching about the destruction of the temple 21:5 – 36
1. The setting and the warning about being misled 21:5 – 9
2. The need for faithful perseverance 21:10 – 19
3. The judgment coming on Jerusalem 21:20 – 24
4. The second coming of the Son of Man 21:25 – 28
5. The certainty of these events 21:29 – 33
6. The concluding exhortation to watchfulness 21:34 – 36
E. A summary of Jesus' ministry in Jerusalem 21:37 – 38
VII. Jesus' passion, resurrection, and ascension chs. 22 – 24
A. The plot to arrest Jesus 22:1 – 6
1. The leaders' desire 22:1 – 2
2. Judas' offer 22:3 – 6
B. The preparations for the Passover 22:7 – 13
C. Events in the upper room 22:14 – 38
1. The Passover meal 22:14 – 18
2. The institution of the Lord's Supper 22:19 – 20
3. Jesus' announcement of His betrayal 22:21 – 23
4. Teaching about the disciples' service 22:24 – 30
5. Jesus' announcement of Peter's denial 22:31 – 34
6. The opposition to come 22:35 – 38
D. The arrest of Jesus 22:39 – 53
1. Jesus' preparation in Gethsemane 22:39 – 46
2. Judas' betrayal 22:47 – 53
E. The trials of Jesus 22:54 – 23:25
1. Peter's denial of Jesus 22:54 – 62
2. The mockery of the soldiers 22:63 – 65
3. Jesus' trial before the Sanhedrin 22:66 – 71
4. Jesus' first appearance before Pilate 23:1 – 7
5. Jesus' appearance before Herod 23:8 – 12
6. Jesus' second appearance before Pilate 23:13 – 25
F. The crucifixion of Jesus 23:26 – 49
1. Events on the way to Golgotha 23:26 – 32
2. Jesus' death 23:33 – 49
G. The burial of Jesus 23:50 – 56
H. The resurrection of Jesus 24:1 – 12
I. The post-resurrection appearances of Jesus 24:13 – 49
1. The appearance to the disciples walking to Emmaus 24:13 – 35
2. The appearances to the disciples in Jerusalem 24:36 – 49
J. The ascension of Jesus 24:50 – 53
Map Locations to Plot
1. Nazareth and Galilee, 1:4..."Now in the sixth month the angel Gabriel was sent from God to a city in Galilee called Nazareth..." (NASB)
2. Bethsaida, 9:10..."When the apostles returned, they gave an account to Him of all that they had done. Taking them with Him, He withdrew by Himself to a city called Bethsaida." (NASB)
3. Chorazin and Tyre, 10:13... "Woe to you, Chorazin! Woe to you, Bethsaida! For if the miracles had been performed in Tyre and Sidon which occurred in you, they would have repented long ago, sitting in sackcloth and ashes." (NASB)
4. Capernaum, 10:15..."And you, Capernaum, will not be exalted to heaven, will you? You will be brought down to Hades!" (NASB)
5. Samaria, 17:11..."While He was on the way to Jerusalem, He was passing between Samaria and Galilee." (NASB)
6. Sodom, 17:29..."...but on the day that Lot went out from Sodom it rained fire and brimstone from heaven and destroyed them all." (NASB)
7. Jericho, 19:1..."He entered Jericho and was passing through." (NASB)
8. Emmaus, 24:13..."And behold, two of them were going that very day to a village named Emmaus, which was about seven miles from Jerusalem." (NASB)
9. Bethany, 24:50..."And He led them out as far as Bethany, and He lifted up His hands and blessed them." (NASB)
2. Bethsaida, 9:10..."When the apostles returned, they gave an account to Him of all that they had done. Taking them with Him, He withdrew by Himself to a city called Bethsaida." (NASB)
3. Chorazin and Tyre, 10:13... "Woe to you, Chorazin! Woe to you, Bethsaida! For if the miracles had been performed in Tyre and Sidon which occurred in you, they would have repented long ago, sitting in sackcloth and ashes." (NASB)
4. Capernaum, 10:15..."And you, Capernaum, will not be exalted to heaven, will you? You will be brought down to Hades!" (NASB)
5. Samaria, 17:11..."While He was on the way to Jerusalem, He was passing between Samaria and Galilee." (NASB)
6. Sodom, 17:29..."...but on the day that Lot went out from Sodom it rained fire and brimstone from heaven and destroyed them all." (NASB)
7. Jericho, 19:1..."He entered Jericho and was passing through." (NASB)
8. Emmaus, 24:13..."And behold, two of them were going that very day to a village named Emmaus, which was about seven miles from Jerusalem." (NASB)
9. Bethany, 24:50..."And He led them out as far as Bethany, and He lifted up His hands and blessed them." (NASB)